The Low-Down on STD Transmission

!: The Low-Down on STD Transmission

STD's, as the name suggests, are transferred via sexual contact whether it is anal, vaginal, or even oral. Whatever route it is as long as it involves, intimate contact between an infected individual and a susceptible one, STD can be acquired. Being sexually active, it is advisable for one to go to STD clinics to get tested to check if your last sexual encounter brought you more than just a pleasurable night.

Chlamydia Transmission
Chlamydia transmission occurs during sexual intercourse and can also be transferred from an infected mother to her baby during vaginal childbirth. That is to say, any sexually active person can be infected with chlamydia. The greater the number of sex partners you have, the greater the risk of getting the infection is. That being said, being sexually active is a big factor; thus, one should always get routine STD check-ups to determine whether or not you have the STD or not.

Herpes Transmission
Herpes infection is spread via direct skin to skin contact. Unlike the flu virus where you can get it through the air, herpes spreads through direct contact: it is through direct contact from the site of the infection to the body part. For example, if you have a cold sore and you kiss someone, you are transferring the virus from your mouth to theirs. Similarly, if you have active genital herpes and have penetrative intercourse, you can give your partner genital herpes. You can also pass on your oral herpes to their genitals by performing oral sex. For cases such as these, it would be best to visit a STD clinic to be tested and to get prescribed the proper medication.

Gonorrhea Transmission
Gonorrhea is transmitted through contact with the: genitals, mouth, or anus. It is important to note that ejaculation is not necessary in order for the gonorrhea to be transmitted. People who have had gonorrhea and have undergone treatment may get infected again if they have sexual contact with a person who is also infected with gonorrhea. Regular check-ups at STD clinics are advised especially if you are sexually active.

Syphilis Transmission
Syphilis transmission occurs through direct contact with a syphilis sore during sex. These sores appear on the external genitals, anus, or in the rectum. Sores may also appear on the lips and in the mouth. If you have sores present in these area and are sexually active, get tested immediately to confirm if it is or is not syphilis.

HPV Transmission
HPV is typically transmitted through direct contact/skin-to-skin contact. The virus may also be spread by touching something that has been contaminated with the virus although a chance of transmitting the disease this way is extremely small. Get tested regularly for STDs, not just HPV but for other types as well.

This being the case, it is important for anyone who is sexually active to have regular and routine STD check-ups to make sure that they are not infected. By doing this, you will be able to know if you are already infected even before the symptoms manifest. That way you can prevent the possible spread of the illness and decrease the rate of occurrences.

The Low-Down on STD Transmission

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Kennedy Rice Speech

!: Kennedy Rice Speech

A portion of President John F. Kennedy's historic speech at Rice University in Texas on Sept. 12, 1962. Learn more about NASA at www.nasa.gov.

Kennedy Rice Speech

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Automatic Transmission Clutch Pack Clearance Check with Dial Indicator

!: Automatic Transmission Clutch Pack Clearance Check with Dial Indicator

Weber State University - Automotive Technology Department - Transmission Lab - A demonstration of checking clutch pack clearance (piston travel) on an automatic transmission. This is one of several methods that can be used to check clutch pack clearance. This video helps demonstrate NATEF Task A2.C.19. "Measure clutch pack clearance; determine necessary action.", a priority 1 task. www.weber.edu

Automatic Transmission Clutch Pack Clearance Check with Dial Indicator

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Analog TV Digital Transmission

!: Analog TV Digital Transmission

Remember the old days of analog TV, radio, etc. Most of us do unless you're really young. And still today there are plenty of analog systems in use. Normal radio still uses analog transmission. But the digital age has begun and more and more we will use digital systems rather than analog systems.

Digital transmission systems have many advantages over analog transmission systems, like higher quality of audio and video. How come digital systems can transmit higher quality signals than analog systems? The truth is that they don't. They just use some tricks to eliminate noise.

Analog Transmission Systems

When something like video and audio, is recorded by an analog system, the recording has a certain quality. This recording (when done professionally) has a very high quality. When the recording is transmitted it is modulated directly to a carrier wave, which is then transmitted through the air, cable, via satellite, etc. During this transmission, the carrier and the modulated signal will loose amplitude (power) and due to interference noise is introduced to the carrier and its modulated signal. The result will always be a received signal that has a lower quality than the transmitted signal. Hence, the modulated signal, the recording, will also be of lower quality than the original.

Analog transmission systems are unable to maintain the quality the original has.

Digital Transmission Systems

In the digital world the recording can be transmitted to another place without loosing any quality. An exact copy of the original recording is transmitted. So how come that digital transmission systems don't loose quality when transmitting a signal?

Well..... Actually they do lose quality just like the analog transmission system does.

Surprised? No Problem. Most people don't know that digital signals still need to be transmitted by analog transmission systems. The trick is that a digital system doesn't record analog signals, but encodes analog signals into bits (zeros and ones). A sample is taken many times per second and the size of each sample is written down in bits. For instance a sample with the value of 9 would be 1001 and 11 would be 1011.

The digital transmission system needs to transmit those zeros and ones, and it does this by modulating the carrier wave. Low power for a 0 and high power for a 1 (This is the most simple way of modulating. There are much more sophisticated forms of modulation, but it would take a whole book to describe them all.)

So on the receiving end, it doesn't matter anymore what the quality of the signal is, as long as it still is possible to identify the zeros and ones. Noise in the received signal is no problem. A "1" with noise is still a "1" and a "0" with noise is still a "0". Of course the noise can not be too high, otherwise mistakes would be made and a zero would be received as one or a one would be received as a zero.

So Digital Transmission Systems are better because they eliminate the effect of noise completely. You don't look and listen to a received signal from an original recording, but you look and listen to a reproduced signal of the recording. The reproduction comes from an exact copy of the original recording.

The quality of what you see and hear now depends on your TV and Sound System. A high quality TV and Sounds System will give you high quality Video and Audio. The negative effects of the (still analog) transmission have been eliminated from the process.

Satellite TV makes use of Digital Transmission Systems. What you see at home will always be of Digital no (much less) noise Quality.

Analog TV Digital Transmission

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Transmission of HPV Through Child Birth

!: Transmission of HPV Through Child Birth

Most do not think of sexually transmitted diseases when they consider children. Unhappily, our kids do experience harmful effects from adults who catch sexually transmitted diseases. For example, a child, through accidental contact with diseased tissue, could be exposed to the HPV, as in childbirth.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a cause of cancer of the cervix; it needs to be taken seriously by both those who are active sexually, and those who at risk for sexually transmitted diseases and are pregnant or may become pregnant.

Another rare disease caused by HPV infection Laryngeal papillomatosis. The 2 types of virus that are linked with this disease are HPV 6 and HPV 11. With this disease, growths or warts grow quickly and are varied in size; they can grow in number and size until affectively blocking the air passageway. It may become hard for a child to breathe when sleeping and difficulty in swallowing may also be experienced.

HPV is exceptionally contagious via skin-to-skin contact in addition to sexual contact. The one noticeable sign of infection is the appearance of genital warts, not all of which can be seen, especially in infected women. Warts will emerge within 3 months of HPV infection.

In pregnancy, the immune system is lowered, causing a pregnant woman to be more susceptible to viral infections such as HPV. This in turn causes genital warts during pregnancy to grow even quicker and larger.

If your baby should become infected with HPV during the passage through the vagina during delivery, there may appear genital warts or there may be warts on the throat which is known as laryngeal papillomatosis.

Laryngeal papillomatosis is a rare disease that is caused by HPV infection. The two types of virus that are associated with this disease are: HPV 6 and HPV 11. The growths or warts from this disease grow rapidly and vary in size. When they grow in number and size they may effectively block the air passageway. This makes it difficult for your child to breathe when sleeping and they can also experience difficulty in swallowing.

Two tests are available to establish whether your child is suffering from this disease or not. The first is called Indirect Laryngoscopy. This is an in-office procedure conducted by a speech pathologist or a family doctor. A small mirror is placed in the back of the throat to examine the larynx area.

The other test is Direct Laryngoscopy; this is performed in an operating room under general anesthesia. This lets the doctor view directly the vocal cord folds and supplementary parts of the larynx under high magnification. Tissue biopsy may also be taken during the procedure to identify the existence of HPV.

All of this can be avoided with the proper precautions, the most effective of which is inoculation with the HPV vaccine.

Transmission of HPV Through Child Birth

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How to Extend the Life of Your Vehicle's Transmission

!: How to Extend the Life of Your Vehicle's Transmission

Your car's transmission is comprised of hundreds of individual parts. Each has a specific job to perform and they work in unison to support the tranny's operation. Any assembly with that many parts working together is bound to eventually develop problems. When they occur, it is important to have a mechanic resolve them quickly. Otherwise, they will evolve and worsen, becoming far more expensive with time.

Given that a complete overhaul costs thousands of dollars, investing time to prolong your transmission's life can save a significant amount of money. In this article, I'll provide a quick checklist of preventative maintenance steps you can take to extend the life of your car's tranny as long as possible.

Maintain The Fluid Level

Your transmission needs fluid in order to operate efficiently. Under normal conditions, the level of fluid should rarely decline. However, if the assembly develops leaks, they can cause a severe lack of fluid that will lead to costly damage down the road.

Get into the habit of checking the transmission fluid at the same time you check your oil level. You'll find the two dipsticks are located near each other. Keep in mind that you need to let the engine idle for a minute before checking the tranny fluid.

Also, when checking the level, examine the fluid's color. It should have a reddish hue. If it looks brown or dirty, you need to have it changed. Refer to your owner's manual for the recommended service schedule.

Stay Vigilant About Leaks

Leaks are problematic because they always worsen, causing expensive damage to your transmission. The first sign of leaking will be a few drops on the pavement directly under the assembly. Assuming the leak is not coming from your power steering system, you should have a mechanic fix it as soon as possible. If you only see a few drops on the ground, you can get away with replenishing the fluid level. However, keep in mind that leaks do not go away. They must be fixed.

Have Minor Problems Repaired Immediately

If your transmission is experiencing problems, you will notice them. For example, you might hear a high-pitched whine under the floorboard, or feel "jerky" shifting during acceleration. Like leaks, these problems will not disappear on their own. They suggest that something is wrong and needs to be repaired or replaced.

There is one rule of thumb you can count on when it comes to your vehicle's tranny: the cost of repairs will rise in proportion to the number of miles you drive after hearing the first signs of trouble. Many problems, if they are identified early enough, can be repaired relatively inexpensively. For example, a worn or leaking gasket can often be replaced without needing to lift the assembly out of your vehicle.

Given that a complete overhaul can translate into a ,000 repair bill, it pays to extend the life of your transmission. The more you can do upfront to avoid problems, or prevent minor issues from growing worse, the longer you'll be able to drive without needing major repairs.

How to Extend the Life of Your Vehicle's Transmission

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